From the many artefacts recovered from the Indus Valley Civilization, a profusion of baked terracotta statuettes stand out. Among the most significant of these are the numerous terracotta figurines of the Mother Goddess, embodying complex concepts of fertility and sexuality, often
represented with exaggerated physical features and elaborate ornaments. These Mother Goddess figurines have well-defined forms and detailed ornamentation and are the defining sculptures of this period.

The ubiquity of these female figurines across numerous sites such as Mohenjodaro, Harappa, Kalibangan, and other such settlements suggests that they were not isolated ritualistic objects but part of a widespread cultural and religious practice. They reveal how, even in this early phase of Indian civilization, the concept of the feminine was revered as a vital and sacred power, foreshadowing the long-standing tradition of Devi worship that would later gain popularity in Hinduism. While these representations cannot be understood as direct prototypes for later Hindu deities, they can be studied as antecedents for symbolic ideas that would evolve through subsequent religious and artistic traditions. This paper seeks to study the semiotics related to these figurines and establish them not merely as archaeological artefacts but as enduring symbols of fertility, femininity and regenerative forces of nature.