Abstract

The growing environmental crisis has highlighted the need for sustainable ways of living that are supported not only by science and technology but also by ethical values. Indian Knowledge Systems (IKS) offer a holistic understanding of the relationship between human beings and nature, emphasizing harmony, interdependence, and responsible living. This paper examines how the philosophical ideas found in Indian Knowledge Systems contribute to environmental sustainability and provide valuable insights for addressing contemporary ecological challenges. The study focuses on key concepts such as Ṛta (cosmic order), Dharma (moral duty), the Pañca Mahābhūtas (the five great elements), Ahimsa (non-violence), and Gandhi's principles of simple living and trusteeship. These concepts encourage respect for nature, responsible use of natural resources, moderation in consumption, and concern for the well-being of all living beings. Together, they present an ethical framework that promotes balance between human needs and the natural environment. It argues that Indian Knowledge Systems view humans as an integral part of nature rather than its master, thereby fostering ecological responsibility and sustainable living. The study further suggests that these indigenous philosophical ideas complement contemporary approaches to environmental sustainability by encouraging value-based environmental practices and responsible development.