Abstract

Traditional Indian courtyard houses demonstrate climate responsive design through passive strategies such as central open courtyards, natural ventilation, daylighting, thermal mass, and appropriate building orientation. However, many contemporary residential buildings prioritize rapid construction and aesthetics over environmental performance, resulting in higher energy consumption and reduced indoor comfort. This study examines how the key design principles of traditional courtyard houses can be adapted to contemporary residential interiors. The research is based on a review of existing literature, selected case studies, and a comparative analysis of traditional and modern housing. The findings indicate that integrating passive cooling, cross-ventilation, natural lighting, and efficient spatial planning can improve thermal comfort, reduce dependence on mechanical cooling, and enhance sustainability. The study concludes that adapting traditional courtyard principles, rather than replicating historic forms, offers a practical approach to creating climate-responsive and culturally relevant residential environments.